A forest is an ecosystem where trees are the dominant vegetation. Forests provide habitats for many species, protect soil from erosion, regulate the water cycle, and act as carbon sinks, making them an important part of the Earth's ecological balance.
Afforestation is the process of converting a treeless or sparsely wooded area into a forest. Common tree species in Finland include spruce, pine, and birch. For example, spruce is well-suited to shady and moist areas, while pine thrives in dry and sunny areas.
A forest binds carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and acts as an important carbon sink, which is crucial in combating climate change. At the same time, the forest cleans the air and produces more oxygen. A diverse forest is more resilient and supports more animal and plant species than a monoculture.
Here are some concrete guidelines and facts for afforestation:
- Goals and Planning: Before planting, define the goal of afforestation, such as creating a carbon sink, increasing biodiversity, or establishing a commercial forest. Choose tree species suitable for the area's soil and climate. Plan the planting grids and the density of seedlings.
- Site Preparation: Clear the planting area of weeds and, if necessary, unwanted small trees. If the soil is dense or poorly structured, soil preparation may be needed, such as harrowing or patch scarification, which improves the rooting of seedlings.
- Planting: Plant the seedlings in spring or autumn when the soil is moist. Seedlings are usually planted 1.5–3 meters apart, depending on the tree species and the desired density of the forest. Ensure that the seedlings are planted deep enough so that their roots are not exposed.
- Care and Monitoring: In the first few years after afforestation, it is important to remove competing vegetation around the seedlings so that they receive enough light and nutrients. Monitor the growth and health of the seedlings, and carry out supplementary planting if necessary.
